To help determine potentially effective targets, AF mapping is employed. Consequently, the optimal approach to ablation in this population is currently the subject of ongoing debate, as effective ablation targets remain unknown ( Verma et al., 2015). Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is recognized as a landmark development for the treatment of paroxysmal AF, the extending application of ablative therapies for the highly varied persistent AF populace has seen relatively lower rates of success ( Verma et al., 2015). (1998), which reported successful termination of up to 90% of paroxysmal AF (PAF) cases using catheter ablation on ectopic triggers located at the pulmonary veins. This method was first popularized following the breakthrough investigation published by Haissaguerre et al. It uses percutaneously induced catheters to apply focal burns to specific areas of heart muscle in order to cease or modify the AF ( Baumert et al., 2016). The works discussed in this review demonstrate how understanding AF from a signal property perspective can provide new insights into the arrhythmic phenomena, which may have valuable clinical implications for AF mapping and ablation in the future.Ĭatheter ablation is a potentially curative treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) that has been gaining interest within the last few decades. This work provides an overview of information theory and reviews its applications in AF analysis, with particular focus on AF mapping. Exploration of AF using information theoretic-based approaches may have the potential to provide new insights into the complex system dynamics of AF, whilst also providing the benefit of being less reliant on empirically derived definitions in comparison to alternate mapping approaches. Various approaches to AF mapping have been explored in the hopes of better pinpointing these effective targets, such as Dominant Frequency (DF) analysis, complex fractionated electrograms (CFAE) and unipolar reconstruction (FIRM), but many of these methods have produced conflicting results or require further investigation.
Unfortunately, AF treatment is in practice complicated by the lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the arrhythmia, which makes detection of effective ablation targets particularly difficult. 4College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaĪtrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder seen in hospitals and in general practice, accounting for up to a third of arrhythmia related hospitalizations.3Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg, Germany.2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.1College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
McGavigan 1,2, Pawel Kuklik 3, Kenneth Pope 4 and Anand N. Dhani Dharmaprani 1, Lukah Dykes 2, Andrew D.
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